ST. PAUL, MN —Scientists from the University of Minnesota are reporting that production of bioethanol — often regarded as a clean-burning energy source of the future — may consume up to three times more water than previously thought.

“Water Embodied in Bioethanol in the United States,” scheduled for publication in the April 15 issue of the American Chemical Society’s (ACS) journal Environmental Science & Technology, comes at a time when water supplies are scarce in many areas of the United States, the ACS said in a press release about the study.

Researcher Sangwon Suh and colleagues point out in the study that annual bioethanol production in the United States currently is about 9 billion gallons, and they note that experts expect it to increase in the near future.

“The growing demand for bioethanol, particularly corn-based ethanol, has sparked significant concerns among researchers about its impact on water availability. Previous studies estimated that a gallon of corn-based bioethanol requires the use of 263 gallons to 784 gallons of water from the farm to the fuel pump. But these estimates failed to account for widely varied regional irrigation practices, the scientists say,” according to the ACS press release.

The scientists made a new estimate of bioethanol’s impact on the water supply using detailed irrigation data from 41 states. They found that in 2007 bioethanol’s water requirements could be as high as 861 billion gallons of water from the cornfield to the fuel pump.

They also found that production of a gallon of ethanol may require up to 2,100 gallons of water from farm to fuel pump, depending on the regional irrigation practice in growing corn. However, a dozen states in the Corn Belt consume less than 100 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol, making them better-suited for ethanol production. “The results highlight the need to take regional specifics into account when implementing biofuel mandates,” the article states.

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